盒子波调查技术在六盘山黄土塬区的应用分析     

潘家智  许孝坤  何京国  宁鹏鹏  叶春学 《物探与化探》2015,(1):104-111,117

六盘山盆地被巨厚的黄土所覆盖,是表层和深层双复杂区域。巨厚的黄土和复杂的地形条件使该区干扰波非常发育,严重影响了地震资料的信噪比。为了有效调查该区干扰波发育特征,并进行针对性地压制,通过盒子波调查技术在该区的应用分析,提出了和生产结合进行盒子波调查的有效方式,克服了静校正问题对盒子波调查数据的影响。针对两种地形条件下的盒子波资料,分析了在不同地形和表层条件下干扰波场的变化,认为影响浅层和中深层信噪比的干扰波特征存在差异;并通过组合压噪效果分析,提出对不同深度勘探目标进行针对性压噪的组合接收方式,提高了六盘山地区巨厚黄土塬勘探区目标层采集资料的信噪比。  相似文献   

基于3种不同类型的炭屑数据定量重建大兴安岭火历史的结果对比     

徐鑫  李宜垠 《第四纪研究》2015,35(4)

如何根据沉积物中的炭屑记录准确重建火历史是当前古火研究的热点.在古火研究中,大于125μm的大炭屑和小于125μm的微炭屑是最常用的炭屑数据.本文根据大兴安岭以北的漠河县图强泥炭剖面(TQ)的微炭屑面积浓度(AC)、微炭屑颗粒浓度(MiN)和大炭屑颗粒浓度(MaN)这3种不同类型的炭屑数据并利用目前国际上使用比较广泛的CharAnalysis模型定量重建了该地区的火历史.研究结果表明,同一沉积剖面不同类型的炭屑数据所重建的火历史总体规律基本一致,均表现出在距今1690年以来着火次数为12～14次;火事件间隔期变化均较为平缓,单次火事件的平均间隔期为81～124年;火事件发生频率经历了先上升后下降再上升的变化趋势,平均频率为3.5～4.1次/500年.但3种不同类型的炭屑数据重建火事件的次数、频率和间隔期之间仍有一些差异.这种差异可能是由于炭屑破碎程度不同所致.  相似文献   

利用GPS数据研究南北地震带北段近期地壳水平形变特征   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

张楠  许文俊 《地震工程学报》2018,40(3):562-573

采用中国地震局"陆态网络"GPS基准站和流动站观测数据,利用MIT的开源软件GAMIT/GLOBK解算南北地震带北段(33°~42°N,97°~110°E),特别是六盘山地区、祁连地块、银川地堑1999年以来在欧亚框架下、以鄂尔多斯块体作为参考的GPS速度场。计算南北地震带北段5条断裂两侧50~350km范围内各站垂直/平行于断裂走向的速度投影,以及14个基准站18条基线2010年以来的长度时间序列,试图进一步估计关心区域的应力积累情况,探索断层闭锁段。结合地震活动性,认为南北地震带北段未来50年有发生M8地震的可能性;该段1900年以来的第4个M6、M7地震活跃期可能已经拉开序幕,未来2年有发生M7以上地震的可能性;祁连断裂带、海原断裂、西秦岭北缘地震带具备发生M6和M7地震的优先条件,尤其是海原断裂。  相似文献   

熊耳山上宫金矿稀土元素特征及对金矿物质来源的指示意义     

张苏坤  刘耀文  汪江河  冯绍平  常嘉毅  张争辉  毛宁 《地球学报》2020,41(6):938-948

上宫金矿矿化样品与熊耳群安山岩、燕山期花岗岩有着相似的稀土元素特征, 其物源关系更为密切。不同类型矿石的稀土总质量分数存在较大差别, 总体呈现出矿化程度越强稀土总量越低的特征。大部分金矿石与铅锌(银金)矿石均表现出弱的Eu、Ce异常, 其中δEu金矿石(均值0.84)＞δEu铅锌矿石(均值0.75), δCe金矿石(均值0.88)＞δCe铅锌矿石(均值0.96), 造成这种现象的原因可能是热液交代或成矿热液为富Cl–的还原性流体。 (Sm/Eu)样品/(Sm/Eu)球粒陨石-(Sm/Eu)样品图解显示, 上宫金矿各类样品能近似拟合成一条直线, 说明了岩浆热液为成矿提供了最初的热源和物源, 而安山岩和片麻岩的接触交代可能对成矿提供了部分物源。矿石样品和蚀变岩样品中均出现不同程度的Tb、Tm元素正异常, 说明成矿物质来源可能受到了地壳岩石的影响。上宫金矿田δEu-Au相关图解显示, 成矿过程中, 随着Au元素的富集, Eu元素也出现相对富集。  相似文献   

A natural gas hydrate-oil-gas system in the Qilian Mountain permafrost area,northeast of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau     

《China Geology》2020,3(4):511-523

Natural gas hydrate, oil and gas were all found together in the Qilian Mountain permafrost area, northeast of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. They are closely associated with each other in space, but whether they are in any genetic relations are unknown yet. In this paper, a hydrocarbon gas-generation series, gas-fluid migration series and hydrocarbon gas-accumulation series are analyzed to probe the spatial, temporal and genetic relationships among natural natural gas hydrate, oil and gas. The subsequent results show that natural gas hydrate, oil and gas actually form a natural gas hydrate-oil-gas system. Based on the Middle Jurassic and the Upper Triassic hydrocarbon gas-generation series, it is divided into four major sub-systems in the study area: (1) A conventional Upper Triassic gas-bearing sub-system with peak hydrocarbon gas-generation in the late Middle Jurassic; (2) a conventional Middle Jurassic oil-bearing sub-system with low to mature hydrocarbon gas-generation in the late Middle Jurassic; (3) a natural gas hydrate sub-system with main gas source from the Upper Triassic gas-bearing sub-system and minor gas source from the Middle Jurassic oil-bearing sub-system as well as little gas source from the Middle Jurassic coal-bed gas and the microbial gas; (4) a shallower gas sub-system with microbial alteration of the main gas source from the Upper Triassic gas-bearing sub-system. This natural gas hydrate-oil-gas system and its sub-systems are not only theoretical but also practical, and thus they will play an important role in the further exploration of natural gas hydrate, oil and gas, even other energy resources in the study area.  相似文献   

Finite-amplitude mountain waves in a compressible atmosphere including the effects of dissipation     

William Blumen 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(1-3):89-104

Abstract

Adiabatic, two-dimensional, steady-state finite-amplitude, hydrostatic gravity waves produced by flow over a ridge are considered. Nonlinear self advection steepens the wave until the streamlines attain a vertical slope at a critical height z_c. The height z_c , where this occurs, depends on the ridge crest height and adiabatic expansion of the atmosphere. Dissipation is introduced in order to balance nonlinear self advection, and to maintain a marginal state above z_c. The approach is to assume that the wave is inviscid except in a thin layer, small compared to a vertical wavelength, where dissipation cannot be neglected. The solutions in each region are matched to obtain a continuous solution for the streamline displacement δ. Solutions are presented for different values of the nondimensional dissipation parameter β. Eddy viscosity coefficients and the thickness of the dissipative layer are expressed as functions of β, and their magnitudes are compared to other theoretical evaluations and to values inferred from radar measurements of the stratosphere.

The Fourier spectrum of the solution for z ≫ z_c is shown to decay exponentially at large vertical wave numbers n. In comparison, a spectral decay law n ^?-8/3 characterizes the marginal state of the wave at z = z_c .  相似文献   

Soil erosion modelled with USLE and PESERA using QuickBird derived vegetation parameters in an alpine catchment     

K. Meusburger  N. KonzM. Schaub  C. Alewell 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2010

The focus of soil erosion research in the Alps has been in two categories: (i) on-site measurements, which are rather small scale point measurements on selected plots often constrained to irrigation experiments or (ii) off-site quantification of sediment delivery at the outlet of the catchment. Results of both categories pointed towards the importance of an intact vegetation cover to prevent soil loss. With the recent availability of high-resolution satellites such as IKONOS and QuickBird options for detecting and monitoring vegetation parameters in heterogeneous terrain have increased. The aim of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of QuickBird derived vegetation parameters in soil erosion models for alpine sites by comparison to Cesium-137 (Cs-137) derived soil erosion estimates. The study site (67 km²) is located in the Central Swiss Alps (Urseren Valley) and is characterised by scarce forest cover and strong anthropogenic influences due to grassland farming for centuries. A fractional vegetation cover (FVC) map for grassland and detailed land-cover maps are available from linear spectral unmixing and supervised classification of QuickBird imagery. The maps were introduced to the Pan-European Soil Erosion Risk Assessment (PESERA) model as well as to the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). Regarding the latter model, the FVC was indirectly incorporated by adapting the C factor. Both models show an increase in absolute soil erosion values when FVC is considered. In contrast to USLE and the Cs-137 soil erosion rates, PESERA estimates are low. For the USLE model also the spatial patterns improved and showed “hotspots” of high erosion of up to 16 t ha⁻¹ a⁻¹. In conclusion field measurements of Cs-137 confirmed the improvement of soil erosion estimates using the satellite-derived vegetation data.  相似文献   

丽水山地夏季避暑旅游气候适宜度评价     

吴昊旻  姜燕敏  司波  白云霞 《气象与环境学报》2021,37(6):106-112

利用2015—2019年丽水市283个气象观测站的逐日和逐时资料,采用中国气象局“避暑旅游气候适宜度评价方法”行业标准,在研究避暑旅游气候适宜度时空分布的基础上,运用GIS平台建立不同地形条件下避暑旅游适宜度地理推算模型,对丽水避暑旅游气候适宜度进行区划。结果表明,丽水山地夏季避暑旅游气候适宜等级为很适宜,所占区域居绝对比重。6月丽水各站避暑适宜度为很适宜,以海拔800 m为界,随着海拔高度的升高,适宜度先增后减。7—8月避暑旅游气候适宜度随海拔高度增加而提升,300 m以上为较适宜及以上级别。地理推算模型表明,丽水避暑旅游气候适宜度与海拔高度密切相关,庆元适宜及以上等级区域面积占比为全市最高,避暑旅游气候条件最优,其次景宁、遂昌、龙泉避暑旅游气候适宜度也较优越。  相似文献   

柴达木盆地西部中生界原型盆地恢复   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

段宏亮  钟建华  马锋  张跃中  李勇  温志峰 《沉积学报》2007,25(1):65-74

勘探实践表明,对柴达木盆地西部中生界原型盆地认识不够,是导致该区侏罗系油气勘探难以取得重大突破的主要原因。以古流分析为主要手段,结合地表露头及地震解释资料研究认为,中生界在古阿拉巴斯套山与古昆仑山间发育一个大的近EW向展布的内陆山间坳陷（古泛茫崖坳陷）。坳陷演化可分为早—中侏罗世和晚侏罗世—白垩纪两个阶段,分别对应发育了伸展断陷和挤压坳陷两种原型盆地类型。早、中侏罗世,阿尔金山尚未隆升,为主要沉积区。沉积环境比较动荡,沉积物以暗色含煤建造为主。沉积中心在现今的阿尔金山区,坳陷西北部边界越过阿尔金山区与塔东南地区相通;东北部边界位于阿拉巴斯套山前;南部边界在煤沟—采石岭—黑石山—月牙山一线。晚侏罗世—白垩纪,阿尔金山快速隆升为物源区,开始分割塔东南和柴达木盆地西部沉积。坳陷沉积物以干旱气候下的红色粗碎屑岩建造为主,沉积、沉降中心由阿尔金山区向盆地内部发生迁移,南部边界已迁移至阿拉尔—红柳泉—红沟子—月3井一带。该研究对柴达木盆地资源潜力评价及勘探部署具有重要意义。  相似文献   

天目山千亩田泥炭腐殖化度记录的中全新世气候变化   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

尹茜  朱诚  马春梅  王富葆  赵志平  郑朝贵  黄林燕  田晓四 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2006,26(6):117-122

以14C测年为基础,构建了天目山千亩田地区泥炭沼泽剖面年龄-深度模式曲线,通过该区的腐殖化度与烧失量分析研究,发现两者呈现出很好的相关性,共同记录了该地区4 200 aBP以来的气候变化,可划分出3个主要阶段:早期(4 135±40~3 200 aBP)泥炭腐殖化度偏低,指示气候湿热;中期(3 200~630 aBP)泥炭腐殖化度偏高,指示气候温凉偏干;晚期(630 aBP以来),泥炭腐殖化度偏低,气候温凉湿润。  相似文献